RFI yana nufin makamashin lantarki da ba a so a cikin kewayon mitar lokacin da aka samar dashi a cikin sadarwar rediyo.Matsakaicin mitar al'amuran gudanarwa daga 10kHz zuwa 30MHz;Mitar kewayon al'amarin radiation yana tsakanin 30MHz da 1GHz.
Akwai dalilai guda biyu da ya sa dole ne a yi la'akari da RFI: (1) Dole ne samfuran su suyi aiki kamar yadda aka saba a wuraren aiki, amma yanayin aiki yana tare da RFI mai tsanani.(2) Samfuran su ba za su iya haskaka RFI ba don tabbatar da cewa ba su tsoma baki tare da sadarwar RF waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga lafiya da aminci.Dokar ta yi tanadi don amintattun hanyoyin sadarwa na RF don tabbatar da sarrafa na'urorin lantarki na RFI.
Ana watsa RFI ta hanyar radiation (wayoyin lantarki a cikin sarari kyauta) kuma ana watsa su ta hanyar layin sigina da tsarin wutar lantarki na AC.
Radiation - daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin samar da radiation na RFI daga na'urorin lantarki shine layin wutar lantarki na AC.Saboda tsayin layin wutar AC ya kai 1/4 na madaidaicin madaidaicin kayan aikin dijital da wutar lantarki, wannan ya zama eriya mai inganci.
Gudanarwa — Ana gudanar da RFI ta hanyoyi biyu akan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na AC.Fim ɗin gama gari (asymmetric) RFI yana faruwa ne ta hanyoyi biyu: akan layi (LG) da ƙasa tsaka-tsaki (NG), yayin da yanayin bambancin (simmetric) RFI ya bayyana akan layin tsaka-tsakin layi (LN) ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki.
Tare da saurin ci gaban duniya a yau, ana samun ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi.A lokaci guda kuma, ana amfani da ƙarancin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi don watsa bayanai da sarrafa bayanai, ta yadda hakan ke haifar da ƙarin tasiri har ma da kutsewar amo yana lalata kayan lantarki.Tacewar layin wutar lantarki yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin tacewa da ake amfani da su don sarrafa RFI daga na'urar lantarki don shigar da (yiwuwar lalacewar kayan aiki) da kuma fitowa (yiwuwar kutse ga wasu tsarin ko sadarwar RF).Ta hanyar sarrafa RFI cikin filogin wutar lantarki, tace layin wutar lantarki kuma yana hana radiation na RFI sosai.
Tacewar layin wutar lantarki shine ɓangaren hanyar sadarwar tashoshi da yawa, wanda aka tsara shi a cikin ƙananan tsarin tace tashoshi sau biyu.Ana amfani da ɗayan cibiyar sadarwa don rage yanayin gama gari, ɗayan kuma don rage yanayin banbanta.Cibiyar sadarwa tana ba da ƙarancin kuzari na RF a cikin "band tasha" (yawanci fiye da 10kHz) na tacewa, yayin da na yanzu (50-60Hz) ba a rage shi ba.
A matsayin hanyar sadarwa mai wuce gona da iri, matatar katsalandan layin wutar lantarki tana da siffa mai rikitarwa, wanda ya dogara sosai akan tushen da ma'aunin nauyi.Siffar attenuation na tacewa ana kwatanta ta da ƙimar sifar juyawa.Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin layin wutar lantarki, tushen da rashin ƙarfi ba su da tabbas.Sabili da haka, akwai daidaitattun hanyar da za a tabbatar da daidaito na tacewa a cikin masana'antu: auna matakin attenuation tare da tushen tsayayyar 50 ohm da ƙarshen kaya.An ayyana ƙimar da aka auna azaman asarar shigarwa (IL) na tacewa:
I...L.= 10 log * (P (l) (Ref)/P (l))
Anan P (L) (Ref) shine ikon da aka canza daga tushen zuwa kaya (ba tare da tacewa ba);
P (L) shine ikon juyawa bayan shigar da tacewa tsakanin tushen da kaya.
Hakanan ana iya bayyana asarar shigar a cikin irin ƙarfin lantarki ko rabo na yanzu:
IL = 20 log * (V (l) (Ref) / V (l)) IL = 20 log * (I (l) (Ref) / I (l))
Anan V (L) (Ref) da I (L) (Ref) sune ma'aunin da aka auna ba tare da tacewa ba,
V (L) da I (L) ana auna ma'auni tare da tacewa.
Asarar shigarwa, wanda ya kamata a lura, baya wakiltar aikin attenuation na RFI wanda tacewa a cikin yanayin layin wutar lantarki.A cikin yanayin layin wutar lantarki, dole ne a ƙididdige ƙimar dangi na tushen da ma'aunin nauyi, kuma an zaɓi tsarin tacewa da ya dace don yin matsakaicin yiwuwar rashin daidaituwa a kowane tashoshi.Tacewar ta ya dogara da aikin madaidaicin tasha, wanda shine tushen manufar "cibiyar sadarwa ta rashin daidaituwa".
Gwajin gudanarwa na buƙatar yanayi na RF shiru - harsashi na garkuwa - hanyar sadarwa mai daidaita ƙarfin layi, da kayan aikin wutar lantarki na RF (kamar mai karɓar FM ko mai nazarin bakan).Yanayin RF na gwajin yakamata ya kasance aƙalla ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun 20dB da ake buƙata don samun ingantaccen sakamakon gwaji.Ana buƙatar hanyar sadarwa mai daidaitawa ta layi (LISN) don kafa tushen da ake so don shigar da layin wutar lantarki, wanda shine muhimmin sashi na shirin gwajin saboda rashin ƙarfi yana rinjayar matakin radiation da aka auna kai tsaye.Bugu da ƙari, daidaitaccen ma'aunin faɗaɗa na mai karɓa shima maɓalli ne na gwajin.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-30-2021
